Book Riots Deals of the Day for July 12th, 2017

Book Riots Deals of the Day for July 12th, 2017 Before you browse todays deals, have you check out Book Riots new podcast series, Annotated? Its a short-form audio documentary series about books, reading, and language (fans of This American Life, Invisibilia, and the like will be familiar with the format). Go here to give it a try, or just click the logo below. Thanks! Todays Featured Deals The Birthday of the World and Other Stories by Ursula K. Le Guin for $1.99. Get it here or just click the cover image below: Galileos Daughter by Dava Sobel for $1.99. Get it here or just click the cover image below: In Case You Missed Yesterdays Most Popular Deal: Brown Girl, Dreaming by Jacqueline Woodson for $1.99. Get it here or just click the cover image below: Previous daily deals that are still active (as of this writing at least). Get em while theyre hot. An Edible History of Humanity by Tom Standage for $1.99. Tell the Wolves Im Home by Carol Rifka Brunt for $1.99. Zen in the Art of Writing by Ray Bradbury for $1.99. After Henry by Joan Didion for $1.13. The Song of Achilles by Madeline Miller for $1.99. The Toughest Indian in the World by Sherman Alexie for $1.99. The Last Samurai  by Helen DeWitt for $1.99. The Last Policeman  by Ben H. Winters for $1.99. Notes of a Native Son  by James Baldwin for $1.99. Labyrinths  by Jose Luis Borges for $1.99. All the Birds in the Sky  by Charlie Jane Anders for $2.99. A Study in Scarlet Women  by Sherry Thomas for $1.99.. The Inexplicable Logic of My Life  by Benjamin Alire Sáenz for $2.99. We, The Drowned  by Carsten Jenson for $2.99 Big Fish  by Daniel Wallace for $1.99. The Terracotta Bride  by Zen Cho for $1.40. The Geek Feminist Revolution  by Kameron Hurley for $2.99. The Girl at Midnight  by Melissa Grey for $1.99. Cloudsplitter  by Russell Banks for $1.99. Queenpin  by Megan Abbott for $0.99. The Good Lord Bird  by James McBride for $4.99. The Comet Seekers by Helen Sedgwick for $2.99 Frog Music by Emma Donoghue for $1.99 Bitch Planet, Vol 1 for $3.99. Monstress, Vol 1 by Liu Takeda for $3.99 Paper Girls, Vol 1. by Vaughn, Chiang, Wilson for $3.99. Labyrinth Lost by Zoraida Cordova for $1.99 The Wicked + The Divine Volume 1  for $3.99 The Inheritance Trilogy by N.K. Jemisin for $9.99 The Price of Salt by Patricia Highsmith for $0.99 We Should All Be Feminists by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie for $2.99 Sign up for our Book Deals newsletter and get up to 80% off books you actually want to read.

Book Riots Deals of the Day for July 12th, 2017

Book Riots Deals of the Day for July 12th, 2017 Before you browse todays deals, have you check out Book Riots new podcast series, Annotated? Its a short-form audio documentary series about books, reading, and language (fans of This American Life, Invisibilia, and the like will be familiar with the format). Go here to give it a try, or just click the logo below. Thanks! Todays Featured Deals The Birthday of the World and Other Stories by Ursula K. Le Guin for $1.99. Get it here or just click the cover image below: Galileos Daughter by Dava Sobel for $1.99. Get it here or just click the cover image below: In Case You Missed Yesterdays Most Popular Deal: Brown Girl, Dreaming by Jacqueline Woodson for $1.99. Get it here or just click the cover image below: Previous daily deals that are still active (as of this writing at least). Get em while theyre hot. An Edible History of Humanity by Tom Standage for $1.99. Tell the Wolves Im Home by Carol Rifka Brunt for $1.99. Zen in the Art of Writing by Ray Bradbury for $1.99. After Henry by Joan Didion for $1.13. The Song of Achilles by Madeline Miller for $1.99. The Toughest Indian in the World by Sherman Alexie for $1.99. The Last Samurai  by Helen DeWitt for $1.99. The Last Policeman  by Ben H. Winters for $1.99. Notes of a Native Son  by James Baldwin for $1.99. Labyrinths  by Jose Luis Borges for $1.99. All the Birds in the Sky  by Charlie Jane Anders for $2.99. A Study in Scarlet Women  by Sherry Thomas for $1.99.. The Inexplicable Logic of My Life  by Benjamin Alire Sáenz for $2.99. We, The Drowned  by Carsten Jenson for $2.99 Big Fish  by Daniel Wallace for $1.99. The Terracotta Bride  by Zen Cho for $1.40. The Geek Feminist Revolution  by Kameron Hurley for $2.99. The Girl at Midnight  by Melissa Grey for $1.99. Cloudsplitter  by Russell Banks for $1.99. Queenpin  by Megan Abbott for $0.99. The Good Lord Bird  by James McBride for $4.99. The Comet Seekers by Helen Sedgwick for $2.99 Frog Music by Emma Donoghue for $1.99 Bitch Planet, Vol 1 for $3.99. Monstress, Vol 1 by Liu Takeda for $3.99 Paper Girls, Vol 1. by Vaughn, Chiang, Wilson for $3.99. Labyrinth Lost by Zoraida Cordova for $1.99 The Wicked + The Divine Volume 1  for $3.99 The Inheritance Trilogy by N.K. Jemisin for $9.99 The Price of Salt by Patricia Highsmith for $0.99 We Should All Be Feminists by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie for $2.99 Sign up for our Book Deals newsletter and get up to 80% off books you actually want to read.

The Ethical Aspects Of Deception - 1217 Words

In ordinary life, deception is typically justified on the grounds that it is for the benefit for the individual who is being deceived (Miller, 2012). In research work, it is common for research studies that evaluate fundamental aspects of human behavior to use deception while carrying out the research. The use of deception in research wok is usually one of the hardest ethical decisions that researchers are confronted with when conducting research studies. It may involve petty minor omissions of information about the research study to the respondents, or even an outright misinformation about the aim of the study. In most cases, the rationale for deception on fields such as human behavior is that it is not possible to obtain accurate information about how people behave when they know when they know what they are being observed or evaluated for (Bankert and Amdur, 2006). Stanley Milgram, a social psychologist, experiments on obedience to authority figures is a significantly prominent te st in the study of the use of deceptions Milgrams research sought had two determinants as reported by Blass (1998). First, Milgram attempted to account for the holocaust and secondly, he intended to use the Asch’s technique for studying conformity to behavior of greater human consequences. In this research study, it was found out that an average of group of men would readily inflict painful and electric shocks on harmless victims whose actions did not call for such harsh treatments. TheShow MoreRelatedAPA Ethical Guidelines Essay928 Words   |  4 PagesThe APA ethical guidelines help to ensure that all psychological research maintains the integrity that it does not do harm or conflicts with the majority of the human populations moral ethical codes. However, in some situations the APA ethical guidelines must be viewed as just that: guidelines. If a study has the potential to benefit humanity as a whole and does not result in the permanent or irreparable harm to a human being then some guidelines must be permitted to be stretched or even broken inRead MoreWhy Business Leaders Fail At Using Ethics Essay1554 Words   |  7 PagesSummary Ethical Fading uses a psychological lense to examine why business leaders fail at using ethics. Self-deception, along with its varied enablers, are the cause of this unethical trend. This allows one to act in self-interest while simultaneously believe that one’s ethical code was enacted, thus the ethical decision fades to a less morally risky business, personal, or religious decision. The aforementioned enablers comprise of language euphemisms, the processes to immoral decision making, misconceptionsRead MoreConflict on a Trading Floor723 Words   |  3 PagesConflict on a Trading Floor The case describes the ethical dilemma occurred in FirstAmerica Bank. The sales department of the bank was preparing a 700 mln. USD loan contract for one of the bank’s former client: Poseidon Cruise Lines. Poseidon intended to order a large cruise ship for their fleet to a French shipyard, which required a contract to be signed for five years and in French francs. This in turn raised concerns in Poseidon management, related to the possible economic costs/losses relatedRead MoreEthical Issues in Psychology788 Words   |  4 Pagestopic. The three main ethical issues in psychology using human participants are: Privacy, physical and psychological harm and deception. Deception involves either concealing the real intention of a study from participants or taking steps to mislead them at the start. Milgram used the second ploy, deliberately lying to participants about the genuine reason for a study. He also used stooges and the use of stooges always means deception has been used. However, is deception necessary? Milgram wouldRead MoreThe Stanford Prison Experiment And The Milgram Experiment1007 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Ethical guidelines are the frameworks and standards that govern psychologists in conducting a morally justified research to respect the rights of the participants. Since the researchers are responsible for the welfare of the participants, it is vital for them to act in accordance with a specific strict code of ethics and moral principles. One of the common ethical framework used in many psychological studies is IVCARD where ‘I’ stands for Informed Consent, ‘V’ equals Voluntary ParticipationRead MoreThe Psychological Health Of Human And Obedience991 Words   |  4 Pagesstopping for the â€Å"learner† and continuing for science. This is evidence that participants are considering the experimenters expectations and not blindly obeying (Haslam and Reicher, 2012). Furthermore, Burger (2009) replicated aspects of Milgram’s experiment in an ethical manner, but found difficulties in gaining strong results. For example, Burger allowed a maximum voltage of 150mv (contrasting to Milgram’s 450mv) and could only predict whether participants would go further. Milgram’s unethicalRead MorePolice Ethics Essay867 Words   |  4 PagesEve out of the Garden of Eden as a punishment for breaking the rules. (The Holy Bible: Genesis Ch.3) These types of historical records display the fact that law enforcers have always existed. Just as law enforcers have always existed, so have ethical issues surrounding the authority exercised by these individuals. Police corruption is a problem that has always existed. There are several factors that can explain the reason for police corruption. First, law enforcement officers work in a somewhatRead MoreEthics in Psychology Essay848 Words   |  4 Pagesdefine ethics as a method, procedure, or perspective for deciding how to act and for analyzing complex problems and issues† (Resnik, 2011). We are expected to behave or be treated a particular way in society, therefore we should be granted certain ethical treatments in regards to research. Human Participants According to the American Psychological Association, (APA) there are five general principles in which help psychologist maintains professionalism while performing scientific duties. The five generalRead MoreCommunication Is The Key Important Skills That A Person Can Possess1280 Words   |  6 PagesInterpersonal communication is something you need to do well as it affects many aspects of your life. It is also a learned skill that can be improved with knowledge, self awareness and practice. In order to be a good communicator we must continually analyze our level of interpersonal communication competence, which is defined in Mccornack’s book on page 21 as consistently communicating in ways that are appropriate, effective, and ethical. Consistently means across various types of relationships and situationsRead MoreTV Show: The Office1451 Words   |  6 Pagesexistential ideas such as Sartre’s â€Å"bad faith,† Kierkegaard’s stages of life, and the theater o f the absurd. The actions of the receptionist Pam throughout season two and culminating in the episode â€Å"Casino Night† illustrate aspects of existentialist Jean-Paul Sartre’s ideas about self-deception. When Pam denies her growing feelings for her coworker Jim, she uses what Sartre deems as â€Å"bad faith† in order to avoid taking responsibility for her true emotions. Existentialist Jean-Paul Sartre believed that individuals

The Impact Of Settler Colonialism - 1729 Words

Settler colonial theory (SCT) is a means for non-indigenous people to disturb colonial privilege accrued by settler societies from the displacement and suppression of indigenous peoples and their culture (Makoun Strakosch, 2013). Settler colonialism is a distinct form of colonialism that facets by way of the substitute of indigenous populations with an invasive settler society that, over time, develops a unique identity and sovereignty. Settler colonial states include Canada, the U.S., Australia, and South Africa, and settler colonial concept has been important to finding out conflicts in areas like Israel, Kenya, and Argentina, and in tracing the colonial legacies of empires that engaged in the general groundwork of settlement colonies.†¦show more content†¦The perspective is not merely historical because the settler-colonial ideas continue to influence relations between Euro-Canadian settlers and indigenous peoples (Woolford Benvenuto, 2015). The propositions of settler colonial theory are based on observations of the ontological framework of settler society that casts indigenous groups as a separate nation with practices that justify the denial of indigenous rights. The ideology eventually becomes ingrained in settler society to the point where the racist paradigms are pervasive and operate unconsciously on all levels of interactions between indigenous and non-indigenous society (Denis, 2015). Economic and Social Movement Alliances The economic alliance between Indigenous people and the business community has become more common in the post-TRC and Canada 150 environment. The business alliances generally can be characterized as a paternalistic partnership in which the business organization exogenous to the indigenous community takes the leadership of the alliance despite the common economic objective. An example is the strategic alliances formed by joint ventures between indigenous communities and private corporations in the potash and other mineral extraction industries (Gordon, Kayseas, Moroz, 2017). The non-indigenous business organization contributes capitalShow MoreRelatedEffect of Colonization in Kenya1159 Words   |  5 Pageseffect of colonialism in Kenya This essay analyses the effect of colonialism in Kenya. It explains the depth of colonialism within Kenya’s context and analyses the impact of colonial conquest, the imposition of international and local administrative boundaries. It also examined further the lasting consequences of colonial economic and social policies concerning colonialism in Kenya. This essay gives more explanation that has to do with British colonialism in Kenya. Colonialism developedRead MoreChapter Three : Consequences Of Colonialism1747 Words   |  7 PagesCHAPTER THREE: CONSEQUENCES OF COLONIALISM. While the motives of colonists in the Americas were various- to build a new society, to promote Christianity, to acquire riches, or, as early colonists in New England expressed it, to secure a ‘competencie’ ; they all faced the same challenges of establishing themselves in an alien environment that would require them readjust and respond to new circumstances. It would be justifiable to submit that the main consequences of colonialism were largely detrimentalRead MoreThe Conflict Between Indians And Indians1515 Words   |  7 PagesThe land has been a site of much conflict between Indians and colonists. From reservations to relocation and everything in between, the treatment of Native people in the United States is intertwined with the varied ways in which both Indians and settlers understood and used land. Moreover, many of the injustices inflicted on Indians stemmed from the federal government’s insistence that Indians operate on the land in a manner consistent with the government’s ideas and desire about what land use oughtRead MoreImperialism And Colonialism In Joseph Conrads Heart Of Darkness1302 Words   |  6 Pagesimperialism and colonialism can affect the way in which an individual experiences the world. Those born into the so-called â€Å"First World† countries have been privileged in that they have not felt the burden of such societal structure, as compared to those born into those â€Å"Second World† countries. These individuals have dealt with the pressures of Westernized society in such a way that their entire way of life has been transformed. Those whose countries hold values of imperialism and colonialism have onlyRead MoreBroader Impact Of Colonization On African Continent Essay1292 Words   |  6 Pages Broader Impact of colonization on African Continent According to the dictionary, colonialism may be defined as the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupy it settlers, and exploit it economically. Colonialism between the 1870s and 1900s had a massive impact on African communities. Therefore, I am studying effect of colonialism because I want to find out its impacts in order to understand the transformationRead MoreThe History Of Western Imperialism1129 Words   |  5 Pagescolonies have suffered massive loss of culture through the oppression in the form of assimilation of indigenous people, of resources like silver in Latin America, along with re-appropriation of their spaces to accommodate the presence of the white settlers, North America being a prime example. In today’s post-colonial times—in times where what used to be colonised parts of the world are now independent nations—this history is not forgotten. This history has been a part of formation of present andRead MoreEffects Of Colonial Policies And Practices Essay1735 Words   |  7 Pages122-1201 November 20th, 2016 The detrimental impact of colonial policies and practices on â€Å"colonial† and post-colonial Africa. In spite of their independence, African nations continue to face serious economic, social, and military challenges. I claim colonialism served as a significant force that had a detrimental impact on African society, economics, and politics. The Oxford dictionary defines colonialism as the â€Å"policy or practice of acquiring full or partial politicalRead MoreColonialism and Oppression in the African Diaspora Essay938 Words   |  4 PagesColonialism and Oppression in the African Diaspora The Kenyan feminist and environmental activist, Wangari Maathai, explores the legacy of colonialism and oppression in her native country through her moving 2006 memoir, Unbowed. Maathai explains that over the course of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Africa experienced a massive influx of white settlers. In an effort to solidify control over recently acquired colonies, many European powers had encouraged large numbers of their ethnicallyRead MoreAn Area Is Not A Simple Process1620 Words   |  7 Pagesother means† (Oxford). It is an action that involves strategy and process. Colonialism is a term that derives from imperialism. Where imperialism s methods connote towards military force, colonialism involves political process and sees the establishing of outposts; settlers often arrive from the colonising country to ensure its preferential political practice. There is more than one authoritative figure involved and colonialism includes the delegation of land over a large area. This was European ImperialismRead MoreMax Webers Theory of Rationalization Applied765 Words   |  3 PagesMax Webers has had a profound impact on sociology his theory of rationalisation and how it has changed social groups and society as a whole over time. According to Campbell (1981) Weber believed that understanding why people do the things they do is the basic building block of sociology, a concept he termed ‘Verstehen’. Weber believed that sociologists should not just study a group of people but also try to gain an empathetic understanding for the individuals in th at group. Weber identified four

Designed to measure the math, reading and writing skills...

Designed to measure the math, reading and writing skills necessary to predict college success, The SAT Reasoning Test is the most popular and widely accepted exam used for college entrance available today. A team of U.S. colleges developed its earliest form, known as the College Entrance Exam, in 1901. This essay-only test was designed for students applying to colleges to take one entrance exam instead of separate exams for each university. In 1926, the College Entrance Exam became the SAT (Student Aptitude Test). The test was formatted to multiple-choice in order to objectively assess a student’s college readiness while giving all students an equal opportunity for success. Since then, the title of the test was changed again to no longer†¦show more content†¦The SAT program assures strict quality control standards for scoring. Only certified SAT test centers can acquire copies of the SAT and testing materials. College Board encourages schools/administrative buildings to apply to become official testing centers on the College Board website. To become an SAT test administrator/proctor, one must apply through the SAT Program. The SAT College Board website states the qualifications necessary to be considered an SAT test administrator. Some, for example, include â€Å"unquestionable integrity, fluency in English and experience in working with students.† (â€Å"College Board†, 2014) Purpose and Nature of Test According to College Board, the SAT Reasoning Test is designed to measure subject matter learned in high school and problem solving skills through three areas; math, critical reading and writing (â€Å"College Board†, 2014). Each subject is worth 800 possible points, for a combined perfect score of 2400. The test contains ten separately timed sections. It consists of three types of questions; multiple-choice, mathematical student-produced responses and an essay question. Test takers are required to solve math equations, comprehend English compositions and write creatively. The 2005 edition that is used today’s math sections include multiple-choice questions and student-produced responses. According to the College Board website, the questions cover numbers andShow MoreRelatedReview of the SAT Test 2288 Words   |  10 Pagesof intelligence testing. There exists compelling information that suggest there is a lack of ability for any test to clearly identify and measure intelligence. It is very clearly noted that there is a question of the ability for academics based testing to measure a persons intelligence. One of the most noted tests in the United States that is used to measure the potential of students to perform in an educational setting is the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT). Through the years this test has undergoneRead MoreGrade 12 National Assessment Of Educational Progress6761 Words   |  28 Pagesacademic readiness and preparedness for entry-level college coursework, such as core subject or content knowledge, cognitive strategies (problem solving, reasoning, planning, etc.), learning, and transitioning skills. The results of a series of studies conducted since 2008 indicate that students scoring at or above 163 on the NAEP mathematics scale, and students scoring at or above 302 on the NAEP reading scale are likely to possess the knowledge, skills, and abilities in the core subjects that wouldRead MoreCollege Readiness System5622 Words   |  23 PagesCollege Readiness 1 Running Head: COLLEGE READINESS AND FIRST-GENERATION COLLEGE STUDENTS Defining College Readiness from the Inside Out: First-Generation College Student Perspectives Kathleen Byrd, M. Ed. Developmental Education Reading and English Instructor South Puget Sound Community College 132 Plymouth St. N.W., Olympia, WA 98502 kathb@u.washington.edu. (360) 754-2889 Ginger MacDonald, Ph.D. Director and Professor of Education University of Washington, Tacoma 1900 CommerceRead MoreCritique Of The Lindamood Bell3291 Words   |  14 Pagesexpectations for students in four strands under English Language Arts: reading, writing, speaking and listening, and language. The goal is that all students will demonstrate mastery in these areas as they become college or career ready. Further, the Common Core highlights the capacities of the literate individual. In the world of special education, too many students in high school struggle with literacy. There are Intensive Reading Clinic courses available to students with mild to moderate disabilitiesRead MoreSat and Its Disadvantages5228 Words   |  21 Pagesstill commonly known simply as the SAT. It is the oldest and most widely used standardized admissions test in the United States. It measures reading, writing, and math abilities, as well as problem-solving skills. The SAT has undergone many revisions during its history, but it is currently composed of three main sections: critical reading, mathematics, and writing, with each of these sections divided into three parts. There is also an experimental or equating section that can be used in any of theRead MoreEmployee Selections and Training Paper1809 Words   |  8 Pageshave used industrial/ organizational psychology to select and train employees. These examples are human resource departments with companies, and more specifically, Taco Bell and McDonald’s. There will be a discussion of methods used to measure the levels of success of each training program. Lastly there will be a discussion of any legal and or ethical concerns that may arise in the implementation of each training program. Human Resources Selection and Training Many organizations have a hard timeRead MoreThe Human Resource Management : Wellpoint ( Anthem Blue Cross Blue Shield )1849 Words   |  8 Pagesprocesses must be legal, technically sound, and must accurately match the people and skills needed for the position. Analyze the selection process of the company you researched and make recommendations for improvement. The majority of I/O psychologists believe that personality tests are important tools for choosing the right employees. WellPoint and several other big corporations use these tests to measure dimensions of personality and related characteristics. These testing methods are usedRead MoreHuman Resources Managemnt4105 Words   |  17 PagesExplain what HR management is how it relates to the management process? Human Resource management is all about the people needs of the business and the personal needs of the employees. To object is to place the people with the necessary qualifications and abilities in the appropriate positions within the organisation to maximise their usefulness to the enterprise while also considering the employees needs and their career path. Chapter 4 1. What items are typically included in the job descriptionRead MoreFactors That Affect the Academic Performance of the Student Using Computer11401 Words   |  46 Pagesacademic achievement and accountability in public education grows, it is important to determine whether teachers who hold advanced degrees in education as a general field are more effective than those who have degrees in specific subjects like English or math. http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2000/09/cda00-09-effects-of-advanced-teacher-training-on-student-achievement By  jasminkatevallez, Dec 2011   Determining the factors that influence the class performance of a student is challenging since theRead MoreTeaching Reading Is Rocket Science13428 Words   |  54 PagesTeaching Reading Is Rocket Science What Expert Teachers of Reading Should Know and Be Able To Do The most fundamental responsibility of schools is teaching students to read. Teaching Reading Is Rocket Science What Expert Teachers of Reading Should Know and Be Able To Do June 1999 Author note: This paper was prepared for the American Federation of Teachers by Louisa C. Moats, project director, Washington D.C. site of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)

Columbia University A Personal Essay free essay sample

Essay Topic: Please tell us what you find most appealing about Columbia and why. Tucked away in quiet Morningside Heights is a little green haven I would like to call home for the next four years: Columbia University. Since my junior year tour, I have had a love affair with the institution, especially for its world-class academics. The Core Curriculum, the most celebrated aspect of the Columbia experience, provides the best mechanism to produce a diverse, well-rounded individual. And the ability to explore multiple disciplines in courses like Frontiers of Science and Art Humanities even if they do not pertain to my major is immensely appealing. Another course I am eagerly anticipating is Literature Humanities which typifies Columbias celebration of the art of literature. As an avid reader myself, I realize that at Columbia I would have the opportunity to not merely read some of historys Great Books Don Quixote, The Illiad, and more but to engage in the incredible experience of discussing these revolutionary texts with a like-minded student community. We will write a custom essay sample on Columbia University: A Personal Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One of my prospective majors is French and Francophone Studies, and I believe that there is no better place to hone my language skills than Columbia University a microcosm of the world! Columbias student body is bursting with international flavor, making it an extra special place to study a language. With Columbias emphasis on studying abroad, I would even have the option to perfect my skills at legendary French institutions, including the Sciences-Po or the Sorbonne or on campus in unique courses like Poesie Francophone DAfrique. And outside Columbias urban campus, the opportunities for French cultural interaction are endless at lectures, film screenings, and exhibitions at La Maison Francaise or the Alliance Francaise. With Columbia Universitys focus on structured learning, I know that I would graduate as an insightful, well-versed individual, equipped for lifes challenges. Columbia is truly an otherworldly institution, and I would be delighted to call it home for the next four years!

Globalization Economic and Political Dimensions

Introduction Globalization, in the contemporary era, is often regarded as revolutionary to political, social and economic structures globally. It has caused a â€Å"power shift† from the traditional nation-states to global institutions, a trend, which, according to some researchers, has created â€Å"virtual states† (Rosecrance, 1996).Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Globalization’ Economic and Political Dimensions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nation-states are slowly losing their political power to supranational organizations, regional non-governmental organizations (NGOs), devolved units and multinational companies. In this regard, globalization shifts political authority to different international institutions causing state institutions to converge under uniform international policies. Despite the power shift, political devolution can enhance the democratization process by facilit ating the convergence of governance institutions. Critics of globalization urge national governments not to relinquish governance functions such as immigration, national security and criminal justice to supranational agencies (O’Brien et al., 2000). They argue that if nation states lose these crucial governance functions, they become ineffectual and unpopular among its publics. Also, the power shift or deregulation enhances the power of non-governmental actors in public intervention areas, including environmental issues and humanitarian aid. In major cities, such as Washington D.C. and Seattle, emerging political movements oppose the deregulation of international market and instead agitate for the protection of the local market (O’Brien et al., 2000). To understand the effects of globalization, this paper defines globalization, surveys its range and dimensions, and analyzes its pros and cons in the contemporary world. Definition of Globalization Keohane and Nye (2000) define globalization as â€Å"the expansive networks that span intercontinental distances (p. 105). Thus, globalization covers many aspects of global politics, from the diminishing political power of nation-states (political globalization) to the homogenization of culture, trade policies, consumption and living standards (economic globalization). Analysts attribute these changes to the elaborate transportation and communication networks. In this view, globalization encompasses linkages that lead to political and economic interdependence globally. One important element of globalization is global economic integration. Economic integration, though not yet complete, has led to reduced trade barriers among nations, increased labor mobility and led to a more interconnected global economy. It is on this basis that Friedman (1999) defines globalization as â€Å"the inexorable integration of markets, technologies and nation-states, enabling corporations, people and nation-states to reach t he rest of the world† (p. 7).Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Friedman implies that globalization, though largely economic, also has a political dimension. It is the political decisions of nation-states to remove trade barriers in order to promote international trade and facilitate transportation and communication, which leads to globalization. Therefore, to understand the pros and cons of economic globalization in the U.S., understanding the role of political governance is important, as the two are intertwined. Political Governance and Globalization Nation-states often exercise sovereignty and have legitimate authority within a country’s borders. They are controlled by one central governance unit, which has sovereign authority in the nation-state. In contrast, international trade corporations, supranational agencies and NGOs are part of the larger global g overnance system, i.e. international governance. This shows that globalization has links with political governance of nation-states. Within nation-states, these links have three dimensions (Rosecrance, 1996): the centralization vs. the devolution of governance; political accountability; and the divergence or convergence of policies. Typically, governance can be devolved or concentrated in a central authority. In a centralized governance structure, power is vested in one unit, which has exclusive authority to rule. In contrast, in dispersed governance, many devolved units exercise limited power within the nation-states. An example is the United States’ government; the state government has some level of jurisdiction within the specific state. In a multi-level governance structure, authority is transferred or delegated to other units (Rosecrance, 1996). Globalization affects governance with regard to international disputes. In resolution of disputes, nation-states often delegate their sovereign power to a third entity to serve as an arbiter, with a pledge to comply with its determination. Therefore, globalization affects governance in nation-states through delegation of power. The second dimension, political accountability, is related to the delegation of power. Accountability requires political actors to govern transparently and responsibly. Democracy within nation-states entails political accountability, whereby the elected leaders are mandated to act on behalf of the citizenry. Keohane and Nye (2000) note that democracy, unlike accountability, does not extend beyond the borders of a nation-state. Although, democratic accountability is applicable to financial institutions such as the IMF, most NGOs associated with globalization lack internal democracy. Therefore, globalization affects governance through political accountability and democracy.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Globalization’ Economic and Political Dimensio ns specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Globalization also affects governance through convergence or divergence of policies. Although globalization may not completely erode the roles of the state government, it may create countries that have more or less similar policies and governance structures. Opponents of globalization argue that a globalized economy will force nation-states to adopt homogeneous policies and establish similar institutions (O’Brien et al., 2000). Also, globalization may lead to reduced government intervention in matters affecting its people. This may affect democratic accountability within nation-states. Pros and Cons of Globalization Economic Effects The effect of globalization on the economies of nation-states can be explained using the efficiency-based approach. The common economic policies of many countries are geared towards creating wealth; they entail opening up the markets to international investors. Th us, according to Friedman (1999), internationalization of markets influences countries to adopt â€Å"neoliberal policies that promote international openness, reduced government participation and increased private investments† (p. 8). Therefore, one disadvantage of globalization is its larger control of the economic benefits, through reduced government role in nation-states’ economy. The international organizations dominate the local economic spheres limiting the societal issues the government can act on. Globalization also causes a shift in power from the government to supranational and regional bodies. When this happens, resolution of transnational problems provides an avenue for the supranational authorities to expand their authority; an example is the EU and the North American Union. Also, regional institutions can position themselves strategically to protect their interests through transnational cooperation. Such economic integrations influence the policy preferen ces of the nation-state political actors. According to Rosecrance (1996), economic globalization may cause trading countries to adopt similar trade policies; a phenomenon that has far-reaching implications on bilateral relations between states. Nevertheless, globalization expands opens up national and regional markets by disintegrating local monopolies in favor of international competitiveness. Political Preferences Rosecrance (1996) argues that economic integration facilitates free flow of labor and capital across the borders and fosters specialization and division of labor in the global arena. In a free economy, some countries may lose or gain in the wake of economic globalization. However, the aggregate benefits in the long run would compensate for the costs associated with globalization. Rosecrance (1996) further shows that free trade policies affect many factors of production.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, labor and capital flow in the tourism industry will tend to favor certain trade policies in a trading bloc. Globalization also increases the number of players in favor of particular policies including activists and environmentalists, which ensures quality goods or services. However, marginalization of certain groups may arise and spillover into national politics leading to a struggle whereby the losing parties will attempt to derail integration while the winners will press for greater integration. Proponents of globalization have a preference for particular policies and models that encourage economic openness. Also, some integration players prefer certain forms of governance more than others. For example, in the United States, most NGOs prefer some level of regulation (consumer protection and labor regulation) at the national level rather than at the state level (Frieden, 1999). Integration critics argue that actor preferences for institutions such as the International Labor Organization tend to favor more stringent regulation of firms, which may affect their performance. Besides policy preferences, convergence of cultures often leads to a homogenization of cultures, values and lifestyles. Critics argue that globalization erodes national cultures and creates new societal norms (Frieden, 1999). Thus, due to globalization, the consumption culture, market competition, education and public goods may become homogenous across nation-states. Such a scenario may ultimately influence policy preferences whereby policymakers prefer decentralized policies to centralized and localized policies. Global Institutions Most global institutions advocate for policies that favor particular interest groups. As Frieden (1999) notes, international institutions such as the UN influence the interactions at the international level, which affect economic and political outcomes. One way in which institutions affect globalization is through policy preferences. Influential pol itical entities that favor a particular economic model would establish institutions to promote their ideals. For instance, before 1914, the gold standard agitated for an open economy by removing barriers to international trade in the 19th century; it, however, faced much domestic opposition from the American populists (Frieden, 1999). Thus, decentralized institutions can foster economic openness if they have political support. The stability of a country’s governance also influences policy choices and investment decisions by international organizations. For example, countries with unstable governments will have fewer external investors willing to invest there as political instability is often associated with ineffective economic policies. Thus, under conditions of political instability, perceptions held by global and regional organizations such as the NAU, WTO or the EU will influence investment decisions of international corporations. However, policy credibility can be enhanc ed if such governments sign bilateral treaties with stable governments. For instance, Mexico’s ratification of the NAFTA treaty reinforced its policy credibility at the international level (Frieden, 1999). Thus, regional and global institutions influence the local economic policies in a way that sustains a market economy and competitiveness. Conclusion Globalization has two dimensions; economic and political dimensions. Governance has links with globalization with regard to political institutions, cultural values and societal norms. From a cultural perspective, globalization erodes cultural values and norms through the convergence of cultures. Also, due to the interconnectedness of the different economies, financial crises in one part of the world affect the economies of other countries. However, globalization promotes cultural tourism through the convergence of cultures and promotes competitiveness and democracy. Also, globalization, through supranational governance influenc es financial and monetary policies of nations and regional trading blocs resulting in greater economic benefits to member states. Overall, the phenomenon of globalization has far greater benefits for nation-states than disadvantages. References Frieden, J. (1999). Actors and Preferences in International Relations. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Keohane, O., Nye, S. (2000). Globalization: What’s New? What’s Not? (And So What?). Foreign Policy, 118(4), 104-109 O’Brien, R., Goetz, A., Scholte, J., Williams, M. (2000). Contesting Global Governance: Multilateral Economic Institutions and Global Social Movements. New York: Cambridge University Press. Rosecrance, R. (1996). The Rise of the Virtual State. Foreign Affairs, 75(4), 45-61. This term paper on Globalization’ Economic and Political Dimensions was written and submitted by user Dawson V. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.